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Coals are classified into three main ranks, or types: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. These classifications are based on the amount of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen present in the coal. Coal is defined as a readily combustible rock containing more than 50% by weight of carbon.
Nigerian coals. The coal samples were examined using bomb calorimetry, ultimate and proximate analyses to determine the heating value, elemental composition and physicochemical properties. The calorific values of the coals were; 23.74 MJ/kg for GMG; .
This paper reports the elemental composition of some Nigerian coals and its application in ranking of the coals. Objectively, this will indicate the area of utilization or application. II. MATERIALS AND METHOD 2.1 Material 4 The materials used for this study include five different coal samples collected from Garin Maiganga (GMG A3 – top
The elemental analysis indicates the presence of Na-montmorillonite, quartz and little amounts of hematite and rutile as impurities. Nwosu et al. [30] reported the mineral composition of Ubakala raw clay to consist of montmorillonite, kaolinite, quartz, biotite, calcite and feldspar. Table 1. Elemental composition of the treated Ubakala clay sample
This work examined some elemental composition and physico-chemical properties of coal deposits found in Lamza Village in Guyuk Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The major elements determined were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur, while some of the physico- chemical properties examined include; moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, pH and .
The ease of combustion of the coal samples in decreasing order is Odagbo, Owukpa, Inyi, Ezimo and Amansiodo. The ignition temperatures of the coals increase with decreasing volatile matter content, their calorific values are strongly correlated with the fixed carbon, elemental carbon, volatile matter and hydrogen contents in decreasing order.
SGS uses the results from ultimate analysis tests to determine the elemental composition of the coal including moisture, ash, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (by difference). We determine each element through chemical analysis and express it as a percentage of the total mass of the original coal or coke sample.
Mean elemental summation (%) of the coals and ashes were 8.4 and 39.0, respectively, while average % ash content was 29.6, indicating that they were rich in potential toxic elements which could be emitted into the environment during coal combustion. This was corroborated by t -test results.
a-Obi coal samples gave an improved and satisfactorypercentage stability and friabilityfor semicokes. In the search for a Nigerian coking coal, Aderonpe [] carried out the assessment of blends of high volatile (% %) bituminous coals with low volatile ( < %) bituminous coals. In another investigation, Onyeama and Okaba coals
Coal is combustible (catch fire and burn easily) and consists mainly of 65-95% carbon with a small percentage of hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is a sedimentary rock from peat; a peat is a brownish (turf) material which contains some decomposed vegetable matter forming a deposit.
COAL ANALYSIS Elemental analysis of coal gives empirical formulas such as: C 137 H 97 O 9 NS for Bituminous Coal C 240 H 90 O 4 NS for high-grade Anthracite Coal is divided into 4 ranks: ... [<0.1% of a rock's composition] of zinc, copper, boron, lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium) CCTR
Dec 01, 2010· The structural parameters of six Nigerian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. This study reveals that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with some amount of highly disordered amorphous carbon.
Trace elemental composition of Nigerian coal measured by neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 1983, 79 (1), 123-128. DOI: 10.1007/BF02518858. N.S. Rawat. A study of physicochemical characteristics of respirable dust in an Indian coal mine. Science of The Total Environment 1982, 23, 47-54. DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(82 ...
ABSTRACT: Studies were carried out on the proximate and elemental contents of coal deposits in three Nigerian States (Enugu, Benue and Delta) employing standard laboratory procedures and instrumentation. The fixed carbon and ash contents of Benue and Enugu coal samples deposits were found higher than Delta coal deposits.
(T/F) High ranking coals like anthracite are rich in oxygen, hydrogen, and poor in carbon, making them more combustible than low rank coals. false (T/F) Oil and gas are fossil fuels primarily formed by the deep burial of ancient algae and plankton in low oxygen marine environments.
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years.
Limestone samples from Yandev and Odukpani limestone deposits in Nigeria were subjected to elemental analysis by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique with the aim of broadening any database information on their elemental composition and concentration and accessing the extent of their environmental friendliness.
Chemical studies have been carried out on coal samples from Maiganga coal mine, Gombe formation, Upper Benue Trough of Nigeria with a view to determine theirchemical characteristics and possible utilization as coking coal or otherwise. The coal samples used for the analyses were sourced from the Maiganga coal mine. Various conventional coal analytical methods were adopted according to the ...
Keywords: Nigerian coal, South African coal, Coal fly ash, Major oxides, Trace elements, Mineralogy. 1. INTRODUCTION Coal is a combustible carbonaceous rock that contains varying amounts of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and mineral matter and nearly 8 gigatonnes per year of coal is produced globally at ∼0.05 $/kg) [1]. It is an
@article{osti_199846, title = {Elemental analysis of some Nigerian coal}, author = {Balogun, F A and Nwankpa, A C and Owolabi, S A}, abstractNote = {Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA) by a 14 MeV Neutron generator and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) are used as complementary techniques to analyse samples from four different coal mines situated along the south .
The quantitative analyses of trace elements in some Nigerian coals have been investigated inud this research. Four samples of coal collected from the following locations: Enugu (onyeama),ud Ogwashi-Azagba, Orukpa and amansiodo were studied. ... in Amansiodo coalud and least composition (0.236%) in Ogwashi-Azagba coal. Silicon on the other ...
structural properties of Nigerian coals in the literature [19-21]. However, there is an absence of ... proximate, and bomb calorimetry to determine the elemental composition, fuel properties and
the non-existence of coal in Nigeria's energy mix is due to the lack of comprehensive physi-cochemical, thermo-kinetic, and thermodynamic data on various Nigerian coals [5]. Current data on Nigerian coals is limited to its rheological [6], petrographic [7-8], geochemistry [9-10], and mineralogical [11 .
Abstract. This study is aimed at investigating the physicochemical properties of low rank Nigerian coals. The coal samples were examined using bomb calorimetry, ultimate and proximate analyses to determine the heating value, elemental composition and physicochemical properties.
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